• The role of the cyclic AMP regulated

  2022-03-31

  

  The role of the cyclic AMP regulated exchange factor Epac1 is emerging in cancer (Almahariq et al., 2015, Banerjee and Cheng, 2015, Parnell et al., 2015, Parnell et al., 2015, Schmidt et al., 2013). Interestingly, in cancer cell migration, activation of Epac1 can be linked to activation of Rac. As s

• Recently several groups reported that four orphan receptors

  2022-03-31

  

  Recently, several groups reported that four orphan receptors, GPR40, GPR41, GPR43, and GPR120, can be activated by free fatty acids. Short-chain fatty acids are specific agonists for GPR41 and GPR43 . Medium and long-chain fatty acids can activate GPR40 and GPR120 . Our previous report showed that

• Acknowledgments Financial support from the National Natural

  2022-03-31

  

  Acknowledgments Financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81730094, 81473262 and 81573299) is gratefully acknowledged. This project was also supported by the “111 Project” from the Ministry of Education of China, the State Administration of Foreign Expert Affairs of C

• br TGR agonists current developments and future landscape Th

  2022-03-31

  

  TGR5 agonists: current developments and future landscape The amphipathic nature of bile acids is crucial in aiding the digestion and WEHI-539 synthesis of vitamins and fats. With the emerging roles of bile acids in the regulation of energy and glucose homeostasis through TGR5, the pharmaceutical

• Milligan et al demonstrated the

  2022-03-31

  

  Milligan et al. [31] demonstrated the important role of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in the development of mechanical hyperalgesia induced by intrathecal injection of gp120. Because of this work, we decide to produce and purify gp120 to develop biological systems to study pain and behavior in rodents. Intr

• Selective pharmacological inhibition of tonic currents indic

  2022-03-31

  

  Selective pharmacological inhibition of tonic currents indicated that the effects of gp120 are predominantly mediated by α5-containing GABAARs. The other dominant subtype that contributes to tonic current in the hippocampus, the δ-containing GABAAR, was unaffected by gp120 treatment. Additionally, i

• There is sufficient evidence to indicate that kisspeptin pla

  2022-03-31

  

  There is sufficient evidence to indicate that kisspeptin plays a role in regulating sheep reproduction. However, the molecular mechanism by which kisspeptin regulates GnRH cox pathway and reproduction has remained unclear. Therefore, in this study on GnRH in sheep, the promoter region of GnRH was c

• IBs had a clear vesicular ultrastructure

  2022-03-31

  

  IBs had a clear vesicular ultrastructure, suggesting that a large part of the iron-containing mitochondrial remnants might be cleared via normal autophagy processes during final reticulocyte maturation [21]. IB formation was followed by characteristic changes in RBC morphology, with irregularly shap

• br Conclusions In summary we have

  2022-03-31

  

  Conclusions In summary, we have designed an ultrasensitive electrochemical assay for hOGG1 based on a ratiometric strategy and HCR assisted amplification. The hOGG1 can specifically identify 8-oxo G site on the DNA probes modified on the electrode surface. The subsequent cleavage reaction trigger

• Free fatty acid receptor FFAR also known

  2022-03-31

  

  Free fatty Q-VD(OMe)-OPh receptor 1 (FFAR1, also known as GPR40) belongs to the family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and was de-orphanized in 2003 as a receptor for medium-to long-chain free fatty acids (FFAs) [9,10]. Mainly expressed in beta cells of pancreatic islets, GPR40 can be activat

• br Methods br Results br Discussion Significant alterations

  2022-03-31

  

  Methods Results Discussion Significant alterations in the expression of genes related to the glutamatergic system have been shown in several experimental models of epilepsy; however, in most studies focused on acute changes or modifications in expression, these were investigated during the

• We observed the reduced expression of the GluN

  2022-03-31

  

  We observed the reduced expression of the GluN2a subunit in the temporal and entorhinal cortexes and ventral hippocampus, which may result in the predominance of GluN2b-containing NMDA receptors during the latent period. Previously, using the same model, we revealed the reduction of the GluN2a/GluN2

• IOX 1 br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion Ajub

  2022-03-31

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Ajuba was originally identified as an adaptor protein which communicates cell adhesive events with nuclear responses to remodel the epithelium (Langer et al., 2008; Marie et al., 2003). Recently, increasing evidence has shown that Ajuba functions as

• br Acknowledgments br The authors would

  2022-03-31

  

  Acknowledgments The authors would like to acknowledge the technical assistance of J. Lee. This work was supported by the U.S. National Institute of Health grant HL111206 (to R.A.H.) the Italian Ministry for University and Research (MIUR 2010329EKE). Introduction The liver plays a vital role

• Next we asked how a common activation marker

  2022-03-30

  

  Next, we asked how a common activation marker of fibroblasts, Acta2, defined gene expression signatures in alveolar airspaces by using Acta2-mKO1 reporter mice (Fig. 2A). In the lungs of Acta2-mKO1 mice, mKO1 was expressed in smooth muscle cells and mesenchymal cells in raf kinase (Fig. 2B). By sor

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