• GPR co localizes with ghrelin in the duodenum gustducin in

  2021-12-15

  

  GPR120 co-localizes with ghrelin in the duodenum [17], α-gustducin in the small intestine and type II taste bud cells 18, 19, neuropeptide Y centrally in the arcuate nucleus [20] and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) in the colon and circumvallate papillae taste bud cells 6, 21, 22. Interestingly GPR1

• After the synthesis of methylsulfonyl or tetrazole surrogate

  2021-12-15

  

  After the synthesis of methylsulfonyl or tetrazole surrogate derivatives, compounds synthesized by introducing hydrogen, fluoro, and methyl groups into the head group of GPR119 agonists were synthesized. Compounds – were synthesized by reacting hydroxybenzaldehyde with fluorine, hydrogen, or a methy

• br Endogenous lipids as SLC transporter

  2021-12-15

  

  Endogenous lipids as SLC6 transporter modulators Lipids constitute part of the environment in which membrane-embedded transporters operate [62]. Endogenous lipids can act as inhibitory ligands [63] or functionally important components of the membrane that impart changes in transporter structure [

• Bergmann glia cells BGCs are the

  2021-12-15

  

  Bergmann glia Caspase-8, human recombinant protein (BGCs) are the most abundant glia cells in the cerebellum, comprising more than 90% of the cerebellar glia. These cells span the entire cerebellar molecular layer and encapsulate neuronal somata, dendrites and axons. BGC are involved in neurotransm

• The expression of GLUT receptors throughout the body could b

  2021-12-15

  

  The expression of GLUT receptors throughout the body could be considered a potential source for off-target effects even for engineered glucose-conjugated nanomedicines, as there are at least 12 types of GLUT transporters in the body, including GLUT1 in erythrocytes and the blood-brain barrier, as we

• br STAR Methods br Acknowledgments We

  2021-12-15

  

  STAR★Methods Acknowledgments We would like to thank Dr. Xiping Cheng for help with the immunohistochemistry staining, Qi Su for help with gene expression analysis, and Dr. Chaoying Liang at the UTSW Genomics Microarray Core facility for assistance on RNA-seq. W.-H.L. was supported by grant awa

• br Introduction Glucagon is a peptide hormone that acts

  2021-12-15

  

  Introduction Glucagon is a peptide hormone that acts to increase blood glucose levels. The secretion of glucagon from the alpha fk866 of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas is increased during fasting and prevents hypoglycemia. Glucagon increases glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis and thereb

• Underlying this study is the hypothesized importance of

  2021-12-15

  

  Underlying this study is the hypothesized importance of insulin and glucose metabolism on bone. In our investigation of GIP and GIPR gene polymorphisms in relation to bone phenotypes in young and old women our findings depict a complex relationship between glucose metabolism genes and bone. In the c

• br Conclusions br Acknowledgments This study was supported b

  2021-12-15

  

  Conclusions Acknowledgments This study was supported by funds from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC 31360245, 31460258) and the Applied Basic Research Foundation of Yunnan Province of China (2011FZ111). Introduction Acute myocardial infarction is the undoubted cause o

• In this study we intended to explore the efficacy

  2021-12-14

  

  In this study, we intended to explore the efficacy of artesunate on liver fibrosis and further clarify its potential molecular mechanism. Artemisinin, a sesquiterpene lactone obtained from a Chinese plant Artemisia annua [27]. Artesunate, as a stable derivative of artemisinin, is an effective drug f

• When studying the potential of HATi for the treatment of

  2021-12-14

  

  When studying the potential of HATi for the treatment of inflammatory lung diseases, investigating lung tissue specific effects may be particularly relevant since local administration of small molecule inhibitors in lung tissue is possible and is already applied for inhaled glucocorticoids in the tr

• The rationale for developing HDACi as anticancer agents was

  2021-12-14

  

  The rationale for developing HDACi as anticancer agents was based on their ability to induce the hyperacetylation of histones and nonhistone proteins, resulting in increased differentiation, apoptosis, and Methylpiperidino pyrazole sale arrest of cancer cells 1, 2, 3. HDACi have been used in the tr

• It is becoming increasingly apparent that membrane lipids pl

  2021-12-14

  

  It is becoming increasingly apparent that membrane lipids play a critical role in modulating and regulating protein function. For example, embedding the homologous SLC1 transporter GltPh in a POPE bilayer allowed a third Na+ binding site to be identified from MD simulations [42], and the binding ene

• The dramatic increase in the development of EAAT inhibitors

  2021-12-14

  

  The dramatic increase in the development of EAAT inhibitors and substrates over the last several years can likely be attributed to a number of experimental advances. Firstly, the isolation of the individual EAAT clones allowed each subtype to be selectively examined in well-characterized expression

• In the small intestine digestion and absorption of the

  2021-12-14

  

  In the small intestine, digestion and Fmoc-His(Trt)-OH of the nutrients are the next processes with an impact on the resulting plasma profile. Normally, neither carbohydrate digestion nor absorption are limiting factors, which is illustrated by the rapid and extensive absorption of glucose in condi

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