• In humans several different small ubiquitin related modifier

  2020-10-09

  

  In humans, several different small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) paralogs can be conjugated to cellular proteins. The human genome codes for five SUMO paralogs (SUMO1–5); of these, SUMO1 and the almost identical SUMO2 and SUMO3 are ubiquitously expressed. Sumoylation is executed by an enzymatic

• br Introduction Protein modification by

  2020-10-09

  

  Introduction Protein modification by ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins is one of the most common and important regulatory mechanisms in biology (Finley et al., 2004, Pickart, 2004). Ubiquitination is carried out by an enzymatic cascade consisting of three steps. In the first step, ubiquitin i

• Family and twin studies have estimated

  2020-10-08

  

  Family and twin studies have estimated the heritability of obesity to be between 40 and 70% [5], [6], [7]. However, all known risk variants can only account for ∼3% of the variance in BMI [8], [9]. Therefore, alternate methods are needed to identify additional risk factors. In recent decades, Drosop

• The data from drug screening in P berghei

  2020-10-08

  

  The data from drug screening in P. berghei (Fig. 3D) provide proof of concept that chemogenomic profiling can be accomplished in P. berghei in the same manner as P. falciparum, in that significant increases in the EC50 ratio were found only for antifolate drugs in the parasite with attenuated TgDHFR

• br Acknowledgements br This work was supported

  2020-10-08

  

  Acknowledgements This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.: 30260088) and the prophase research for National “973” Project of China (Grant No.: 2007CB116203). The DNA sequences of Hbvp1 and the Hbvp1 promoter were deposited in GenBank, an

• It is worth mentioning that in this study we

  2020-10-08

  

  It is worth mentioning that, in this study we only observed the responses of CYP450 to the short-term exposure of DSP toxins (12 h). However, the toxic effects of DSP toxins to bivalves appeared to abate with longer exposure (Pinto-Silva et al., 2005; Flórez-Barrós et al., 2011; Prego-Faraldo et al.

• In untreated rodent or human hepatocytes

  2020-10-08

  

  In untreated rodent or human hepatocytes, PXR or CAR is stabilized by cytoplasmic co-chaperone partners like heat shock protein 90 (HSP90, Fig. 1). Upon ligand binding, the nuclear receptors are freed and translocated into the nucleus, identified as a pivotal step in PXR- or CAR-mediated transactiva

• Mechanistically GW treatment modulated cytokine expression w

  2020-10-08

  

  Mechanistically, GW2580 treatment modulated cytokine expression within the kidney. We noted a decrease in the levels of TNF, MCP-1, IL-1β, IL-27, and GM-CSF in GW2580 treated mice. Decreased levels of these proinflammatory cytokines likely contributed to the attenuated proteinuria and improved renal

• Based on the ability of CRF to modulate nociception we

  2020-10-08

  

  Based on the ability of CRF to modulate nociception, we hypothesized that stress leads to hyperalgesia by the activation of CRF1 and/or CRF2 receptors in the spinal cord. We tested this hypothesis using an acute forced swim as a widely used and easily reproducible stressor and grip force as a measur

• More recently evidence suggests that dysregulation of CRF si

  2020-10-08

  

  More recently, evidence suggests that dysregulation of CRF signaling may also be implicated in panic disorder. For instance, polymorphisms in the CRF1, but not CRF2, gene have been associated with susceptibility to panic disorder in German and Japanese population samples (Ishitobi et al., 2012, Keck

• As demonstrated by Mak and colleagues

  2020-10-08

  

  As demonstrated by Mak and colleagues, ERβ is known to be a part of the NFκB-HIF-1α signaling pathway during hypoxia as well as chronic inflammation of prostate (Mak et al., 2015), therefore in the next part of the study, we evaluated whether ZEA-induced ROS production is also associated with NFκB-H

• A limitation of this study

  2020-10-08

  

  A limitation of this study is the between-study heterogeneity of the datasets analyzed. To address this heterogeneity, we used a random-effects model in our analysis. Also, only 2 of the databases provided information on sex, and as a result, the sex-specific analyses were performed with a smaller c

• Sampling sediments is usually performed with grab corers The

  2020-10-08

  

  Sampling sediments is usually performed with grab corers [16], [29]. The digested sludge analyzed by Ternes et al. [16] was taken directly from the digester and the activated sludge was obtained by WWL 70 of the slurry of STPs [16]. Collected samples are transported under cooled conditions (+4 or −

• br ET Antagonist for the Future Macitentan

  2020-10-06

  

  ET Antagonist for the Future: Macitentan and Atresentan Macitentan is an insurmountable antagonist, resulting from structure-activity studies to improve the efficacy and tolerability of bosentan, and gained approval in the United States in 2013 for the treatment of PAH. Actelion describes the com

• Regardless of its effect on EBV infection

  2020-10-06

  

  Regardless of its effect on EBV infection, the chemokine system has been found to be regulated in both nasopharyngeal cancer and Hodgkin lymphoma. As such, Hodgkin and Reed–Sternberg (HRS) cells from Hodgkin lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells have been shown to express CXCL8 and CCL17. Furt

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